I had some additional success by manually updating the Intel ME firmware that is included in the BIOS to the last available release for the z270 chipset.
Instructions here:
https://www.win-raid.com/t596f39-Intel- ... Tools.html
WARNING: Read instructions VERY CAREFULLY. Read the WHOLE POST before proceeding! Flashing the wrong Intel ME firmware can brick your system!!!!
Additionally, I exposed some additional Power Options settings including and set them to 0 (disabled):
- NVMe Idle Timeout [ Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\PowerSettings\0012ee47-9041-4b5d-9b77-535fba8b1442\d639518a-e56d-4345-8af2-b9f32fb26109 ]
- NVMe Power State Transition Latency Tolerance [ Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\PowerSettings\0012ee47-9041-4b5d-9b77-535fba8b1442\fc95af4d-40e7-4b6d-835a-56d131dbc80e ]
I also uninstalled the Samsung NVMe driver and used the Windows-provided default NVMe controller driver.
The current status is that I can use the device normally for many hours before I hit an issue, and those seem to be tied to the system going to sleep and resuming afterwards.
I have a new motherboard from a different manufacturer arriving later today so I'll report in on the results.
@RomexSupport: Thank you for tolerating my frequent status updates. I'm basically using this thread as repository for any information I come across regarding Event 129 on Samsung 970 devices. This is now one of top results on google when searching for "event 129" so I'd like to make sure anyone else who stumbles across this thread with the same issue. Nothing more frustrating than seeing "I had the same problem but I fixed it!" with no explanation as to how heh.